PRESENT PERFECT

Hi my dear students of 8th. 
This week we're going to talk and practice about the Present Perfect.
As usual, copy the information below, look up the unknown words in the dictionary and study well the forms and uses of Present perfect.

The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a verb:

* Past participle:

·         Regular verbs → infinitive + -ed

·         Irregular verbs → 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs

Form

have/has + past participle *

Affirmative form S + have/has + V(p.p) + C	Negative form S + have/has + Not + V(p.p) + C
I have cleaned my room	I have not cleaned my room
You have learned English	You have not learnt English
He has gone home	He has not gone home
She has cooked dinner	She has not cooked dinner
We have been to Paris	We have not been to Paris
They have read the book	They have not read the book

Interrogative form
Have / Has + S + V(p.p) + C ?	(WH-) + have / has + S + V(p.p) + C ?
Have I  cleaned my room?	When have I cleaned my room?
Have you learnt English?	Where have you learnt English?
Has he gone home?	Why has he gone home?
Has she has cooked dinner?	What has she cooked?
Have we been to Paris?	When have we been to Paris
Have they read the book?	When have they read the book?

Use

We use the present perfect tense:

·        - For something that started in the past and continues in the present:

They’ve been married for nearly fifty years.
She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

Note: We normally use the present perfect continuous for this:

She has been living in Liverpool all her life.
It’s been raining for hours.

·          -For something we have done several times in the past and continue to do:
     I’ve played the guitar since I was a teenager.
     He has written three books.
     I’ve been watching that programme every week.

We often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past:

They’ve been staying with us since last week.
I have worked here since I left school.
I’ve been watching that programme every week since it started.

·        - when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

Note: We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.

Note: and we use never for the negative form:

Have you ever met George?
Yes, but I’ve never met his wife.

·     -  For something that happened in the past but is important at the time of speaking:

I can’t get in the house. I’ve lost my keys.
Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping.
I’m tired out. I’ve been working all day. 

-We use the present perfect of be when someone has gone to a place and returned:

A: Where have you been?
B: I’ve just been out to the supermarket.

A: Have you ever been to San Francisco?
B: No, but I’ve been to Los Angeles.

But when someone has not returned we use have/has gone:

A: Where is Maria? I haven’t seen her for weeks.
B: She's gone to Paris for a week. She’ll be back tomorrow.

We often use the present perfect with time adverbials which refer to the recent past:

just; only just; recently;

Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.
We have just got back from our holidays.

or adverbials which include the present:

ever (in questions); so far; until now; up to now; yet (in questions and negatives)

Have you ever seen a ghost?
Where have you been up to now?
Have you finished your homework yet?
No, so far I’ve only done my history.

WARNING:

We do not use the present perfect with an adverbial which refers to past time which isfinished:

I have seen that film yesterday.
We have just bought a new car last week.
When we were children we have been to California.

But we can use it to refer to a time which is not yet finished:

Have you seen Helen today?
We have bought a new car this week.

FUTURE SIMPLE

Hi my dear students of 7th. 
This is a Reading comprehension activity, so print the texts below and read them well, then look up the unknown words in the dictionary and make a list of these new vocabulary.
Then underline on the texts all the sentenses in future simple and copy all the underlined sentences on your notebook.
After that translate each text into Spanish.
Finally, do not forget to review everything about the simple future, structures and uses.

READING COMPREHENSION ACTIVITY

Read the paragraphs and match them with the heading below.
1. The effects of overpopulation.
2. Energy revolution.
3. High technology.
4. Changes of Earth.

 

SIMPLE FUTURE

Hi girls and boys of 7th grade. This week we begin the 3rd period of classes, so this is the first topic.

Don't forget: Read well, look up the words you don't know in the dictionary and write the information in your notebook.

The future tense expresses a future event or a future state of being.

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to" Although these two forms refer to a specific time in the future, they often express two very different meanings. 

Use of will Future

Use of will 

• a spontaneous decision
  ex: Wait, I will help you.
• an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future
  ex: He will probably come back tomorrow.
• a promise
  ex: I will not watch TV tonight.
• an action in the future that cannot be influenced
  ex: It will rain tomorrow.
• conditional clauses type I
  ex: If I arrive late, I will call you.

Signal Words

• in a year, next …, tomorrow
• Vermutung: I think, probably, perhaps

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

:

Hi guys of 8th grade, this week we are going to learn and talk about Regular and Irregular verbs. But first let's remember what the verbs are:

Don't forget!: Read well, look up the words you don't know in the dictionary and write the information in your notebook 

What Are Verbs?

A verb is an "action" Word, with them we can express

· A physical action (e.g., to swim, to write, to climb).

· A mental action (e.g., to think, to guess, to consider).

· A state of being (e.g., to be, to exist, to appear).

English verbs can be Regulars or Irregulars.

Regular verbs form their different tenses according to an established pattern, while

Irregular verbs don’t follow the normal rules.

Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –ed.
Examples:

Walk – walked – walked
Dance – danced – danced
Paint – painted – painted
Work – worked – worked

Irregular verbs form their past and past participle forms in different ways.

There are mainly three types of irregular verbs:

Ø  Verbs in which all the three forms are the same.

Ex: put – put – put

Ø  Verbs in which two of the three forms are the same.

Ex: sit – sat – sat

Ø  Verbs in which all three forms are different.

Ex: drink – drank – drunk

Ø  Some verbs can be both regular and irregular.

Ex:

Burn – burnt – burnt (irregular)
Burn – burned – burned (regular)

Dream – dreamt – dreamt (irregular)
Dream – dreamed – dreamed (regular)

Lean – lent – lent (irregular)
Lean – leaned – leaned (regular)

Learn – learnt – learnt (irregular)
Learn – learned – learned (regular)

Smell – smelt – smelt (irregular)

Smell – smelled – smelled (regular) 

WELCOME / SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Hi my dear students of 8th grade.

Welcome to my BLOG in which you can find all the information we are going to work my English class. I hope you enjoy it and use it well, because it will be an useful tool in your learning process this year. 

Please read, copy and study the below information for the next class.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

We use the present tense for:

1. Repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

· I take the train to the office.

· The train to Berlin leaves every hour.

· John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. Facts.

· The President of The USA lives in The White House.

· A dog has four legs.

· We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits and routines.

· I get up early every day.

· Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.

· They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. Things that are always / generally true.

· It rains a lot in winter.

· The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.

· They speak English at work.

5. Feeling and emotions.

· I dislike selfish people.

· she hates Reggaeton music.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

· go – goes

· catch – catches

· wash – washes

· kiss – kisses

· fix – fixes

· buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

· marry – marries

· study – studies

· carry – carries

· worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

· play – plays

· enjoy – enjoys

· say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

· Affirmative: You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we orthey.

-Affirmative: He speaks German.

-Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not

Doesn't = Does not

I don't like meat = I do not like meat.

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't orDoesn't.

Subject	don't/doesn't	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	don't	have / buy eat / like etc.	cereal for breakfast
he / she / it	doesn't

* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive without TO 

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

· You don't speak Arabic.

· John doesn't speak Italian.

· We don't have time for a rest.

· It doesn't move.

· They don't want to go to the party.

· She doesn't like fish.

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does 

-Affirmative: You speak English.

-Question: Do you speak English?

Add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

- Affirmative: He speaks French.

- Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

Do/Does	Subject	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
Do	I / you / we / they	have / need want etc.	a new bike?
Does	he / she / it

*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO 

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

· Do you need a dictionary?

· Does Mary need a dictionary?

· Do we have a meeting now?

· Does it rain a lot in winter?

· Do they want to go to the party?

· Does he like pizza?

Short Answers with Do and Does

Sample Questions	Short Answer (Affirmative)	Short Answer (Negative)
Do you like chocolate?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil?	Yes, you do.	No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate?	Yes, we do.	No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate?	Yes, they do.	No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels?	Yes, it does.	No, it doesn't.

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question.


That's all for now guys, see you in class.