El Texto Científico

Los textos científicos son aquellos en donde se emplea lenguaje científico que pertenecen a las ciencias experimentales puras, las cuales estudian las realidades físicas del mundo y se caracterizan por la búsqueda de principios y leyes generales que posean validez universal. Por otro lado, los textos técnicos se refieren a las ciencias aplicadas en sus vertientes tecnológicas e industrial. Estas ciencias tecnológicas son las que estudian las posibles aplicaciones y derivaciones prácticas de los principios y leyes generales establecidas por las ciencias experimentales.

Es común englobar ambos tipos en textos y referirse a ellos como texto científico-técnico.

Algunas de las cualidades de los textos científicos son:

 Claridad

Se consigue a través de oraciones bien construidas, ordenadas y sin sobreentendidos. En general los textos científicos mantienen una sencillez sintáctica, aunque también existen textos de sintaxis más compleja.

Precisión

Se deben evitar la terminología ambigua y la subjetividad, y en su lugar emplear términos unívocos (términos con un sólo significante y significado).

Verificabilidad

Se debe poder comprobar en todo momento y lugar la veracidad de los enunciados del texto. Esto puede comprobarse tanto mediante leyes científicas como mediante hipótesis.

Universalidad

Posibilidad de que los hechos tratados puedan ser comprendidos en cualquier parte del mundo por cualquier miembro del grupo al que va dirigido. Para ello se recurre a una terminología específica que se puede traducir con mucha facilidad de una lengua a otra. Estos términos científicos, también llamados tecnicismos, suelen ser unívocos, ya que designan una única y precisa realidad.

Objetividad

Se le da primacía a los hechos y datos sobre las opiniones y valoraciones subjetivas del autor.

LET'S SING A SONG!

Hi girls and boys of 8A, 8B & 8C!
Here you are the song "have you ever seen the rain"
Read its lyrics and learn it well, then see two videos of two different versions and practice the song.

"Have You Ever Seen The Rain"

Someone told me long ago
There's a calm before the storm,
I know;
It's been comin' for some time.
When it's over, so they say,
It'll rain a sunny day,
I know;
Shinin' down like water.

[Chorus:]
I want to know, have you ever seen the rain?
I want to know, have you ever seen the rain
Comin' down on a sunny day?

Yesterday, and days before,
Sun is cold and rain is hard,
I know;
Been that way for all my time.
'Til forever, on it goes
Through the circle, fast and slow,
I know;
It can't stop, I wonder.

[Chorus]

 

Joan Jett  (this is the best versión I have ever heard)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VaJ47l1y9Y

 

 

Rod Stewart (versión)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oX2FSv4Rys



LET'S REVIEW THE USE OF EVER, NEVER, JUST, ALREADY, YET, SINCE, FOR

Hi! This information is very important for students of 8A, 8B and 8C.

Read it carefully and learn it!

We often use EVER, NEVER, JUST, ALREADY, YET, STILL, SINCE and FOR with the present perfect tense.

 We use EVER in interrogative sentences to express " at any time":
Examples:   
Have you ever been to the United States?
Have you ever traveled by train?
Have you ever failed a class?


We use NEVER in affirmative sentences (but the meaning is negative) to express "at no time".
Examples:
I have never cheated in an exam.
My son has never been to Moscow.
My brother has never gone to London.


We use JUST to express a recently completed action.
Examples:
The cat has just caught a bird.
The guests have just arrived.
I have just finished my homework.


We use ALREADY to express that something has happened sooner than expected.
Examples:
Don't forget to bring your book! Oh, I have already brought it.
The boys are going to pack, aren't they? No. They have already packed.
Is Adam going to buy a new car? No, he isn't. He has already bought it.


We use YET in interrogative and negative sentences and it suggests a time later than expected.
Examples:
Have you done your homework? No, I haven't done it yet
Has your father seen your report? No, he hasn't seen it yet
Have the visitors arrived? No, they haven't arrived yet.

We use STILL in negative sentences to show an action or situation that has lasted longer than expected.
Examples:
They still haven't left.
She still hasn't forgotten what you did.
You still haven't finished!

We use SINCE to express a point in the time.
Examples:
She has lived here since 1980.
Alice has been married since March 2nd.
They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.

We use FOR to express a period of time.
Examples:
I have worked here for five years.
We have taught at this school for a long time.
They have been at the hotel for a week.

EXERCISE:

Fill in the blanks using ever, never, just, already, yet, since , for

1. Have you ________ been in America?
2. Do you hear the noise? The train has ________ arrived.
3. Your family has lived in Bogota ________ ten years.
4. No. Your cousin hasn't come to the party________.
5. Can you open the door? Oh, it is ________ open.
6. Your daughter has ________ returned home. You don't have to worry anymore.
7. Haven't you finished your food ________? No, I am still eating mom.
8. I am a very lucky person. I have ________ had nightmares.
9. Tim has been a techer ________ 1996.
10. Are you going to meet me at the shop? Yes, I am ________ there.
11. I have ________ realized how beautiful you are.
12. Would you like to have dinner with us? No thanks, I have ________ had dinner.
13. Have you ________ seen such a big ant?
14. I have worked here _______ several months, ________ 2003.