The simple present tense

Hi dear students of 8th grade. Welcome to my blog! 😄
This is the first topic we're going to work during this first period, so read and copy well in your notebook all the information below about the simple present tense.  .
After that, make a list of the unknown words and look up them in the dictionary.
Finally, learn and memorize the new works. 
See you next class!😎

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

We use the present tense:

1. Present Simple is used to talk about activities that happen repeatedly and things that we do regularly, such as habits and routines. Adverbs of frequency are often used with the Present Simple.

• I play golf every Monday.
• They often travel to China.
• She gets up at 8:00 every day.
• How often do you study?

2. For facts: we use the Present Simple to talk about factual information, such as general truths, scientific facts, or definitions.

• The President of The USA lives in The White House.
• The adult human body contains 206 bones.
• Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second.
• Water boils at 100 celsius.

3. For sequence of short actions in the present (first – then, after that)

• He takes the ball, he runs down the wing, and he scores!
• First I put some butter in the pan and turn on the cooker.
• First I get up, then I have breakfast.
• After school I switch on my computer, then I check my emails and after that I play my favourite game.

4. Fixed arrangements, future schedules, timetables, and fixed plans are expressed with the Present Simple, usually when they are set by an organization, not by us.

• School begins at 9:00 and ends at 3:00.
• The plane doesn’t arrive at 3:00, it arrives at 3:30.
• When does the movie start?
• The bus leaves every 15 minutes.
• The plane flies to London every Monday.

5. with special verbs to express states, conditions, physical descriptions, feelings, relationships, knowledge, beliefs or  possessions. (be, believe, belong, hate, hear, like, love, mean, prefer, remain, realize, see, seem, smell, think, understand, want, wish)

• I understand English.
• He doesn't like fish.
• She believes in life after death.
• Do you prefer tea or coffee?
• She is short and has long hair.
• We want a new car.
• I promise I will help you.
• I don’t know the answer.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

go – goes

catch – catches

wash – washes

kiss – kisses

fix – fixes

buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

marry – marries

study – studies

carry – carries

worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

play – plays

enjoy – enjoys

say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

-Affirmative: You speak French.
-Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. 

We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.

-Affirmative: He speaks German.
-Negative: He doesn't speak German.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not

I don't like meat = I do not like meat.

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in the Present Tense

Subject	don't/doesn't				Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	don't				have / buy eat / like etc.	cereal for breakfast
he / she / it	doesn't

Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

• You don't speak Arabic.
• John doesn't speak Italian.
• We don't have time for a rest.
• It doesn't move.
• They don't want to go to the party.
• She doesn't like fish.

WH-questions

The Imperative

Hi boys and girls of 7th grade. Welcome to my blog! 😄
This is the first topic we're going to work during this first period, so read and copy well in your notebook all the information below about imperatives  .
After that, make a list of the unknown words and look up them in the dictionary.
Finally, learn and memorize the new works. 
See you next class!😎
           👇

Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands, warning, instructions, invitations, advices, encourage and to make a request if you use "please".

For example:

- Give me that tape, please.

To make the imperative, use the infinitive of the verb without "to".

An imperative sentence does not require a subject; the pronoun "you" is implied.

For example:

- Come here!

- Sit down!

To make a negative imperative, put "do not" or "don't" before the verb:

For example:

- Don't go!

- Do not walk on the grass.

You can also use "let's" before the verb if you are including yourself in the imperative. The negative of "let's" is "let's not".

For example:

- Let's stop now.

- Let's have some lunch.

- Let's not argue

- Let's not tell her about it.

Orders
We can use the imperative to give a direct order. Adults do not usually give each other orders, unless they are in a position of authority. However, adults can give orders to children and to animals. The intonation of an order is important: each word is stressed, and the tone falls at the end of the sentence:

For example:

-Take that chewing gum out of your mouth.

-Stand up straight.

-Give me the details.

-Sit down now!
* "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now".

Warnings
You can use the imperative to warn someone of danger. All the words in the warning are stressed, but the last word has a higher tone than the first word:

 

For example:

- Sit down now!
* "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now".

- Watch out!

- Look out!

- Don't cross!

Advice
We can use the imperative to give friendly informal advice. When you give advice using the imperative, the words are stressed normally.

 

For example:

- Speak to him. Tell him how you feel.

- Have a quiet word with her about it.

- Don't go. Stay at home and rest up. Get some sleep and recover.

- Don't tell him you're resigning now! Wait until Monday when he's in a better mood.

- Don't drink alcohol

- Don't eat heavy meals

Requests
You can also use the imperative to make a request, but you should use a polite word before the verb:

For example:

• Please, take a seat.
• Wait here, please.
• Please, hold the line.
• Please, don't smoke here.

Invitations

We can use the imperative to make an invitation. 

For example:

- Come with me
- Come in and sit down. Make yourself at home.

- Please start without me. I'll be there shortly.

- Have a piece of this cake. It's delicious.

Signs and notices

We can use the imperative on signs and notices.

For example:

- Push.

- Do not use.

- Insert one dollar.

Instructions

We can use the imperative to give information about how to do, make, or use something:

For example:

- Open your book.

- Take two tablets every evening.

- Take a left and then a right.

If there are a number of steps in your instructions you can use the following sequence markers. In order to do these you need to think of what connectives you should use. Here is a list to help you…

Firstly	Secondly	Thirdly	Finally
Next	Then	After	Meanwhile

Let's use some imperatives with sequence markers to show someone how to make a cup of coffee.

First, boil some water.
Then, put coffee into a cup.
Next, pour the hot water into the cup.
After that, add a little milk.
Finally, stir the coffee.