WEEKEND HOMEWORK 2 FOR 11GRADE

July 29, 2011


Read these three texts and learn the unknown vocabulary.

TEXT 1:


When Europeans first went to North America they found a lot of new animals. One of these animals was the American bison, or buffalo, as it is sometimes called. The Indians hunted buffaloes for food and clothes, but they only killed a few thousand animals each year. We do not exactly know how many buffaloes there were, because people could not count them. But we believe that in 1800 there were sixty million buffaloes in North America. Then men started hunting the buffaloes for profit.

Between 1800 and 1890 the number of animals fell to only five hundred. The buffalo was almost extinct. But the buffalo was lucky. At the beginning of the twentieth century buffalo hunting stopped. Since that time the number of buffaloes has risen to twenty-five thousand.
Will other animals, like the whale, be as lucky as the buffalo?



TEXT 2:

My name’s Hannah and I’m twenty years old. I’ve got a daughter called Nicole. She is nearly three now. I live in a small flat in the city centre. It isn’t a nice place to live. It’s very noisy and dirty and there is nowhere for Nicole to play.

I want to move out of the city and live in the countryside. But it’s very expensive to live there. I will need to earn enough money to buy a house. There aren’t many flats for sale in the small villages near here. I will need to buy a car too.

That’s why I study at college. I’m studying Business. While I am at college, my mum looks after Nicole. My mum really likes spending time with her. In the evening, I work as a cleaner. I clean people’s houses. Nicole comes with me. She plays quietly with her toys while I work.




TEXT 3:

Ainsley Harriott

I’ve always been a bit of entertainer and played the funny man. I was a part-time comedian for years, so I learned how to stand in front of audiences. It made me sure of myself. I like being liked and I love making everyone smile.

I’ve lived in London all my life and have just moved to a larger house with my wife Clare and our two children, Jimmy and Madeleine. We spend a lot of time just singing and dancing around the house. I grew up with music because my dad is the pianist, Chester Harriott – who’s still playing, by the way. My working day is divided between television and writing cook books, though TV takes most of my time. I spend about five days a fortnight working on the cooking programmes I appear in. I eat all sorts of things at home but I only buy quality food. When I’m cooking, I experiment with whatever is in the fridge – it’s good practice for my TV series.

I’m a football fan and enjoy going to matches, but I’m a home-loving person really. I don’t like going to the pub but we do go out to eat about twice a month. There’s nothing better than a night at home playing with the children. I rarely go to bed before midnight. Late evening is when fresh thoughts on cooking usually come to me, so I often write or plan my programmes then. When I eventually get to bed, I have no trouble sleeping!

MODAL VERBS

Hi students, here you can read more information about Modal verbs. I hope it will help you.

Modals are a type of auxiliary verb which express the mood of another verb.
They are used to express ideas such as possibility, prediction, speculation, deduction and necessity.


!Note: The modal auxiliary verbs are always followed by the base form of the verb.

MODALS USES (Usos)
Can
"Can" indica habilidad o posibilidad. En estos casos puede ser traducido como "poder" en español.
Ejemplos:
• I can speak five languages. (Puedo hablar cinco idiomas.)
• We can work late tonight if you need us. (Podemos trabajar hasta tarde esta noche si nos necesitas.)
• Bill and Tom can't help you. (Bill y Tom no pueden ayudarte.)
• The restaurant can be expensive if you drink a lot of wine. (El restaurante puede ser caro si bebes mucho vino.)
• It can be dangerous to drive if you are tired. (Conducir puede ser peligroso si estás cansado.)

En frases interrogativas, el uso de "can" puede solicitar permiso o preguntar sobre posibilidades.
Ejemplos:
• Can I have a glass of water? (¿Puedo tomar un vaso de agua?)
• Can you help me? (¿Puedes ayudarme?)
• Can they work late tonight? (¿Pueden trabajar hasta tarde esta noche?)

Could
"Could" indica posibilidad o habilidad en el pasado.
Ejemplos:
• Joe could speak Spanish when he was young. (Joe podía hablar español cuando era joven.)
• I couldn't sleep last night. (No pude dormir anoche.)
• It could have been worse. (Podría haber sido peor.)
• Could you play an instrument when you were a child? (¿Podrías tocar un instrumento cuando eras un niño?)

También se puede usar "could" para posibilidades en el futuro para condiiocnales.
Ejemplos:
• You could pass the test if you studied. (Podrías pasar el examen si estudiaras.)
• I think it could rain later. (Creo que podría llover más tarde.)

Como "can", en frases interrogativas "could" puede solicitar permiso o preguntar sobre las posibilidades, pero es más formal.
Ejemplos:
• Could you pass the salt please? (¿Podría pasarme la sal por favor?)
• Could you help me? (¿Podrías ayudarme?)
• Could I be wrong? (¿Podría estar equivocado?)

Nota: Se usa "could" en frases condicionales. Ver la lección sobre frases condicionales para más información sobre el uso de "could".

May
Como "could", se usa "may" para indicar posibilidades en el futuro.
Ejemplos:
• I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later. (Llevaría un paraguas, puede llover más tarde.)
• It may be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow. (Tal vez sea mejor terminar esto ahora, en lugar de esperar hasta mañana.)
• That may be the best way to do it. (esa podría ser la mejor manera de hacerlo)


También se puede utilizar para pedir o dar permisos o instrucciones.
Ejemplos:
• May I leave the table? “No, you may not”
• You may leave if you like. (Puede salir si le gusta.)
• You may use your cell phones now. (Podéis usar sus teléfonos ahora.)

Con sí o no preguntas, el uso de "may" es más educado que "can".

Ejemplos:
• May I have a glass of water? (¿Podría tomar un vaso de agua?)
• May I leave now? (¿Podría salir ahora?)

Might
Se usa "might" para indicar posibilidades en el presente o el futuro. En estos casos, es un sinónimo de "may".
Ejemplos:
• I would bring an umbrella, it might rain later. (Yo llevaría un paraguas, puede llover más tarde.)
• It might be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow. (Tal vez sea mejor terminar esto ahora, en lugar de esperar hasta mañana.)

También se puede usar como "may" para permisos o peticiones cortesas, pero este uso es mucho más común en el Reino Unido que en los Estados Unidos.


MUST / HAVE TO
Must and have to both express obligation.
However, they are used differently depending on who imposes the obligation.

MUST :The speaker thinks it is necessary (quien habla cree que es necesario).
• I must buy flowers for my mother
(It's her birthday and I decide to do that).

• "You must take more exercise" says the doctor. (The doctor thinks it is necessary).
• I must ask my secretary to book a flight for me. (It is important for me not to forget.)
• "Dogs must be kept on a lead" (Written on a sign in the park = a rule which must be respected)


HAVE TO: Someone else thinks it is necessary (alguien mas cree que es necesario y obligatorio).
• I have to buy flowers for my mother-in-law. (It is not my decision - my husband asked me to do it.)
• I have to take more exercise.(doctor's orders!)
• I have to call the travel agency.(My boss asked me to book a flight.)
• I have to keep my dog on a lead.(That's what the sign tells me to do.)


Should
"Should" indica un obligación como recomendación o consejo. Refleja una opinión sobre lo que es correcto.
Ejemplos:
• I should call my parents more often. (Debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)
• You shouldn't work so hard. (No debería trabajar tan duro.)
• They should practice more if they want to win the championship. (Deberían practicar más si quieren ganar el campeonato.)

Se utiliza "should" en frases interrogativas para preguntar si existe una obligación o para pedir una recomendación o consejo.
Ejemplos:
• Should we leave a tip? (¿Deberíamos dejar una propina?)
• Should I have the steak or the chicken? (¿Debería comer el bistec o el pollo?)
• Where should they meet you? (¿Dónde deberían encontrarte?)

Ought to
"Ought to" es un sinónimo de "should", pero nunca se usa "ought to" en frases interrogativas en inglés americano. Es una recomendacion relacionada mas con el deber moral.
Ejemplos:
• You ought to quit smoking. (Deberías dejar de fumar.)
• I ought to call my parents more often. (Debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)
• They ought to work less. (Deberían trabajar menos.)