Present Perfect

PRESENT PERFECT

The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a verb:

The present perfect continuous is formed with have/has been and the -ing form of the verb:

Use

We use the present perfect tense:

• for something that started in the past and continues in the present:

They’ve been married for nearly fifty years.
She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

Note: We normally use the present perfect continuous for this:

She has been living in Liverpool all her life.
It’s been raining for hours.

•  for something we have done several times in the past and continue to do:

I’ve played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
He has written three books and he is working on another one.
I’ve been watching that programme every week.

We often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past:

They’ve been staying with us since last week.
I have worked here since I left school.
I’ve been watching that programme every week since it started.

• when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

Note: We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.

Note: and we use never for the negative form:

Have you ever met George?
Yes, but I’ve never met his wife.

• for something that happened in the past but is important at the time of speaking:

I can’t get in the house. I’ve lost my keys.
Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping.
I’m tired out. I’ve been working all day.

 We use the present perfect of be when someone has gone to a place and returned:

A: Where have you been?
B: I’ve just been out to the supermarket.

A: Have you ever been to San Francisco?
B: No, but I’ve been to Los Angeles.

But when someone has not returned we use have/has gone:

A: Where is Maria? I haven’t seen her for weeks.
B: She's gone to Paris for a week. She’ll be back tomorrow.

We often use the present perfect with time adverbials which refer to the recent past:

just; only just; recently;

Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.
We have just got back from our holidays.

or adverbials which include the present:

ever (in questions); so far; until now; up to now; yet (in questions and negatives)

Have you ever seen a ghost?
Where have you been up to now?
Have you finished your homework yet?
No, so far I’ve only done my history.

WARNING:

We do not use the present perfect with an adverbial which refers to past time which is finished:

I have seen that film yesterday.
We have just bought a new car last week.
When we were children we have been to California.

But we can use it to refer to a time which is not yet finished:

Have you seen Helen today?
We have bought a new car this week.

THE INTERVIEW

Hi guys, here you can read the questions of the interview. Please practise them.

 

Full people description

Hi guys, here you can see more information about physical description of people. According to them write your own description.

FULL DESCRIPTIONS

NOTE: Don't forget to write your own full description for next class according to my  instructions given in class.

PEOPLE DESCRIPTION

Hi guys! 

Here you are some information about how to describe people.

Pay attention to the positive and negative traits or aspects of people.

You have to learn all these adjectives about people traits, too, you need them to make people descriptions.

PERSONALITY DESCRIPTION

                                               Use the questions:

WHAT ARE PEOPLE LIKE?

What is she/he like?
(¿Cómo es ella/él?)

Use verb to BE to describe personality of people : 

  Question:                                        Answer:

What is lisa like? -->      She is intelligent and loyal.   

                                            She is intelligent but talkative.

                                            Lisa is very intelligent but quite talkative.

POSITIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS		NEGATIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS
charming	encantador	ambitious	ambicioso
cheerful=amusing, funny	divertido, gracioso	absent-minded	distraído, despistado
considerate	considerado	aggressive	agresivo
courageous = brave	valiente	annoying	molesto
creative	creativo	bad-tempered	malhumorado
curious	curioso	bossy	mandón
determined	decidido	cheeky	atrevido
extroverted	extrovertido	clumsy	torpe
frank	franco	two-faced = hypocritical	falso, hipócrita
friendly	amigable	dishonest	deshonesto
generous	generoso	disrespectful	irrespetuoso
gentle=kind, polite, attentive	Gentil, amable, cortés, atento	dominant	dominante
honest = truthful	honesto	boring = dull	aburrido
humble	humilde	envious	envidioso
Ingenious=clever	Ingenioso, listo, astuto	forgetful	olvidadizo
likable / likeable	agradable, simpático	frivolous	frívolo
loyal = faithful	leal	fussy	quisquilloso
modest	modesto	impatient	impaciente
obedient	obediente	impulsive	impulsivo
optimistic	optimista	indifferent	indiferente
organized	organizado	insecure	inseguro
passionate	apasionado	insensitive	insensible
patient	paciente	insolent	insolente
realistic	realista	irascible	irascible
reliable = trustworthy	confiable	irresponsible	irresponsable
respectful	respetuoso	jealous	celoso
responsible	responsable	lazy	perezoso
self-confident	seguro	mean = stingy	mezquino
sensible	sensato	modest	modesto
sensitive	sensible	moody	malhumorado
sincere	sincero	nosey	metido
sociable = outgoing	sociable	pessimistic	pesimista
thankful = grateful	agradecido	proud = arrogant	orgulloso
tolerant = patient	paciente	resentful	rencoroso
understanding	comprensivo	rude = impolite	descortés
hard-working	trabajador	jealous	celoso
romantic	romántico	cruel	cruel
Intelligent	inteligente	shy = introverted	tímido, introvertido
punctual	puntual	strict	estricto, severo
studious	estudioso	stubborn	terco, testarudo
naive	ingenuo, inocentón	understanding	comprensivo
well-educated	bien educado	talkative	hablador
well-behaved (children)	de buen comportamiento	naughty (children)	travieso (niños)
nice	bueno, agradable, lindo	weird	raro

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

Use the questions:

WHAT DO PEOPLE LOOK LIKE?

What does she/he look like?

(¿Qué apariencia tiene ella/él?)

Prueba ELSK – 2016

Hola chic@s de grado 8, quiero recordarles que el día de mañana 11 de mayo se llevara a cabo la aplicación de la prueba institucional de inglés ELSK de 6:00 - 7:00 AM. 
Favor llevar lápiz, borrador y $400 para las fotocopias.
See you tomorrow guys!

Simple Present Tense

Hi Guys of 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D and 8E, this information is about the simple present tense. Read it and write it in your notebooks.

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

We use the present tense for:

1. Repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

• I take the train to the office.
• The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
• John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. Facts.

• The President of The USA lives in The White House.
• A dog has four legs.
• We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits and routines.

• I get up early every day.
• Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
• They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. Things that are always / generally true.

• It rains a lot in winter.
• The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
• They speak English at work.

5. Feeling and emotions.

• I dislike selfish people.
• she hates Reggaeton music.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

• go – goes
• catch – catches
• wash – washes
• kiss – kisses
• fix – fixes
• buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

• marry – marries
• study – studies
• carry – carries
• worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

• play – plays
• enjoy – enjoys
• say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

• Affirmative: You speak French.
  Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we orthey.

• Affirmative: He speaks German.
  Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not

I don't like meat = I do not like meat.

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't orDoesn't.

Subject	don't/doesn't	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	don't	have / buy eat / like etc.	cereal for breakfast
he / she / it	doesn't

* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

• You don't speak Arabic.
• John doesn't speak Italian.
• We don't have time for a rest.
• It doesn't move.
• They don't want to go to the party.
• She doesn't like fish.

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the question.

• Affirmative: You speak English.
  Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks French.
  Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.

We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

Do/Does	Subject	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
Do	I / you / we / they	have / need want etc.	a new bike?
Does	he / she / it

*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

• Do you need a dictionary?
• Does Mary need a dictionary?
• Do we have a meeting now?
• Does it rain a lot in winter?
• Do they want to go to the party?
• Does he like pizza?

Short Answers with Do and Does

In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:

Sample Questions	Short Answer (Affirmative)	Short Answer (Negative)
Do you like chocolate?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil?	Yes, you do.	No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate?	Yes, we do.	No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate?	Yes, they do.	No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels?	Yes, it does.	No, it doesn't.

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question.

Let's review:

Activity:

1. Read and write the text about below. 
2. Use the verbs to complete the text. 
3. Re-write the text in 3rd person singular.