PRESENT PERFECT

Hi my dear students of 8th. 
This week we're going to talk and practice about the Present Perfect.
As usual, copy the information below, look up the unknown words in the dictionary and study well the forms and uses of Present perfect.

The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a verb:

* Past participle:

·         Regular verbs → infinitive + -ed

·         Irregular verbs → 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs

Form

have/has + past participle *

Affirmative form S + have/has + V(p.p) + C	Negative form S + have/has + Not + V(p.p) + C
I have cleaned my room	I have not cleaned my room
You have learned English	You have not learnt English
He has gone home	He has not gone home
She has cooked dinner	She has not cooked dinner
We have been to Paris	We have not been to Paris
They have read the book	They have not read the book

Interrogative form
Have / Has + S + V(p.p) + C ?	(WH-) + have / has + S + V(p.p) + C ?
Have I  cleaned my room?	When have I cleaned my room?
Have you learnt English?	Where have you learnt English?
Has he gone home?	Why has he gone home?
Has she has cooked dinner?	What has she cooked?
Have we been to Paris?	When have we been to Paris
Have they read the book?	When have they read the book?

Use

We use the present perfect tense:

·        - For something that started in the past and continues in the present:

They’ve been married for nearly fifty years.
She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

Note: We normally use the present perfect continuous for this:

She has been living in Liverpool all her life.
It’s been raining for hours.

·          -For something we have done several times in the past and continue to do:
     I’ve played the guitar since I was a teenager.
     He has written three books.
     I’ve been watching that programme every week.

We often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past:

They’ve been staying with us since last week.
I have worked here since I left school.
I’ve been watching that programme every week since it started.

·        - when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

Note: We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.

Note: and we use never for the negative form:

Have you ever met George?
Yes, but I’ve never met his wife.

·     -  For something that happened in the past but is important at the time of speaking:

I can’t get in the house. I’ve lost my keys.
Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping.
I’m tired out. I’ve been working all day. 

-We use the present perfect of be when someone has gone to a place and returned:

A: Where have you been?
B: I’ve just been out to the supermarket.

A: Have you ever been to San Francisco?
B: No, but I’ve been to Los Angeles.

But when someone has not returned we use have/has gone:

A: Where is Maria? I haven’t seen her for weeks.
B: She's gone to Paris for a week. She’ll be back tomorrow.

We often use the present perfect with time adverbials which refer to the recent past:

just; only just; recently;

Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.
We have just got back from our holidays.

or adverbials which include the present:

ever (in questions); so far; until now; up to now; yet (in questions and negatives)

Have you ever seen a ghost?
Where have you been up to now?
Have you finished your homework yet?
No, so far I’ve only done my history.

WARNING:

We do not use the present perfect with an adverbial which refers to past time which isfinished:

I have seen that film yesterday.
We have just bought a new car last week.
When we were children we have been to California.

But we can use it to refer to a time which is not yet finished:

Have you seen Helen today?
We have bought a new car this week.