Saturday, March 22, 2014

SIMPLE PAST / PASADO SIMPLE

To: 8A, 8C and 8D students.

El pasado simple se utiliza para hablar de acciones concretas que comienzan y terminan en el pasado. Generalmente, lo usamos con adverbios de tiempo como "last year", "yesterday", "last night"...

Para expresar pasado con el verbo TO BE se deben tener en cuenta las formas del pasado WAS y WERE, conjugados de la siguiente forma según la persona:

I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
They were

Y tener en cuenta las siguientes estructuras para expresarse de forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa:
SIMPLE PAST WITH VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
S + (WAS/WERE) + C
INTERROGATIVEFORM
(WAS/WERE) + S + C ?
NEGATIVE FORM
S + (WAS/WERE) + NOT + C
She was a doctor.
The keys were in the box.
Was she a doctor?
Were the keys in the box?
She wasn't a doctor.
The keys weren't in the box.

Para los demás verbos que no son TO BE (ser/ estar), se debe tener en cuenta si son verbos regulares o irregulares.

Los verbos regulares son aquellos cuyo pasado o participio se forma añadiéndoles la terminación "-ed". La forma es la misma para todas las personas (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
Ejemplos:
want (querer) → wanted
learn (aprender) → learned
stay (quedarse/permanecer) → stayed
walk (caminar) → walked
show (mostrar) → showed

Excepciones:
Para verbos que terminan en una "e", sólo añadimos "-d.
                Ejemplos:
change → changed
believe → believed

Si el verbo termina en una consonante + vocal + consonate, duplique la consonante final antes de agregar -ED.
                Ejemplos:
stop → stopped
commit → committed

Con verbos que terminan en una consonante y una "y", se cambia la "y" por una "i".
                Ejemplos:
study → studied                                         Cry --> cried
try → tried

Los verbos irregulares son aquellos cuyo pasado o participio pasado no sigue ninguna regla y se debe aprender o  memorizar. 
Nota: Hay muchos verbos irregulares en inglés. Desafortunadamente, no hay una norma establecida para formarlos. A continuación tienes los tres verbos irregulares más comunes y los que actúan como verbos auxiliares.
Verb
Past Simple
be
was (I, he, she, it) / were (you, we, they)
do
did
have
had
Ejemplos:
begin (comenzar) → began
bite (morder) → bit
break (romper) → broke
construir (construir) → built
buy (comprar) → bought

En la forma negativa e interrogativa se hace necesario el uso de auxiliar DID con la forma simple del verbo
Las siguiente son las estructuras para expresarse de forma afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa:
SIMPLE PAST WITH AUXILIARY DID
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
S + V(past) + C
INTERROGATIVE FORM
DID + S + V + C ?
NEGATIVE FORM
S + DID NOT + V + C
You wanted to dance.
He learnt English.
They believed him.
She bought a car
Did you want to dance?
Did he learn English?
Did they believe him?
Did she buy a car?
I didn't want to dance.
He didn't learn English.
They didn't believe him.
She didn't  buy a car



EXERCISE:
Order the sentences:
1.      cooked/last /Sarah/spaghetti /Monday           ……………………………………………………....
2.      night/ John/last/English/studied                       ……………………………………………………....
3.      walk/James/in/night/park/did/the/last/?           ……………………………………………………....
4.      car/very Saturdays/washed/I/my                    ……………………………………………………....
5.      listened/yesterday/Susi/to/music                     ……………………………………………………....
6.      room/not/Alex/ yesterday/his/clean/did           ……………………………………………………....
7.      two/mountain/we/a/climbed/ago/high/weeks   ……………………………………………………....

Rewrite the sentences into NEGATIVE form.
1.      They cleaned the windows last week.    ……………………………………………………....
2.      Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.  ……………………………………………………
3.      She worked on her project last Saturday. ………………………………………………………
4.      I opened my bedroom door.                   ………………………………………………………
5.      Before money people exchanged food.   ………………………………………………………

Change the sentences into QUESTIONS.
1.    They studied Maths with a teacher.          ………………………………………………………
2.    Laura and John protected the animals.     ………………………………………………………
3.    People recycled plastic and paper.           ………………………………………………………
4.    The children played in the garden last Saturday…………………………………………………
5. My family walked in the park yesterday.   ………………………………………………………


Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past. Which verbs are irregulars?









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